Biofeedback and neurofeedback in elite sport

Mental stress such as nervousness, anxiety or a lack of motivation before a competition often leads to physical reactions that impair actual performance. In such situations, it is often the mind that gives way before the body does.

Here you can Biofeedback can be used effectively in two ways: as a diagnostic tool and as a training method for self-regulation.

Biofeedback as a diagnostic tool

A so-called stress test can be carried out using biofeedback. This is an excellent method for psychophysiological Stress diagnostics, as it analyses how stress is processed and the ability to recover. The results help both clients and therapists to recognise individual stress responses.

The ability to individually define and visualise the „stress trigger“ (e.g. the thought of the start of a competition) enables optimal preparation for actual sports training. As a session can comprise several phases, it is also possible to simulate different phases of a competition and prepare for them as part of biofeedback training.

Biofeedback as a method of self-regulation

Biofeedback offers a method within the framework of stress management to provide the calm and concentration required for competition. Based on the findings of the diagnostic assessment, a personalised training plan can be developed. The aims are to improve self-control, boost motivation to work towards a specific goal and enhance self-efficacy.

There are many different ways in which various biofeedback parameters can be used in the field of sports training. For example, by training the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) An athlete who needs a steady hand in specific competitive situations (such as in biathlon) can learn to stabilise their heart rate. But EEG feedback (known as Neurofeedback) is used to consciously activate those components of the brainwave patterns that are associated with focus and concentration.

Effectiveness and reports

A study has shown that the ability to self-regulate has a huge impact on the world rankings of elite athletes¹. It is precisely this kind of self-regulation that is learnt through biofeedback. For example, by practising muscle tension, it is possible to start the race with relaxed muscles and then tense or relax them as required when the starting signal is given.

Other mental techniques and various stress management skills can also be supported by biofeedback.

Biofeedback can help sportsmen and sportswomen cope with the stress caused by the fear of being judged. In a study involving a golfer, HRV biofeedback enabled the previous 18-hole record to be broken, and the average number of strokes required fell by 15. In addition, the intensity of negative emotions such as Depression or anger².

The US Olympic archery team, the Canadian Olympic short track team and many other outstanding athletes use neurofeedback and biofeedback to improve their concentration and performance. In a report on Fox News, Dr Leah Lagos, together with Olympic rower Sarah Trowbridge, explains how she helped prepare her for the 2012 Olympic Games.

Biofeedback is therefore proving to be a valuable tool for elite athletes in optimising both their physical and mental performance.